釉里红价格市场行情怎么样
釉里红价格现在价值怎么样?What is the value of the price of red in the glaze?
釉里红瓷是传统陶瓷中的艺术珍品，属于元代中期景德镇劳动人民的重要发明之一。釉里红瓷制作工序与同时代的青花瓷大体相同。它是以氧化铜作着色剂，于胎上绘画纹饰后，罩施透明釉，在高温还原焰气氛中烧成。因红色花纹在釉下，故称釉里红瓷。釉里红(underglazered)是元代景德镇窑创烧的一种釉下彩绘。釉里红即釉下的红色，它以氧化铜在瓷坯上着彩，然后施透明釉，1300℃还原焰烧成。但真正色彩鲜艳的极为罕见，这是因为它的制作过程复杂。这一工艺始于元代，明代达到成熟阶段，清代以后，更有所发展。
The glazed red porcelain is an art treasure in traditional ceramics. It belongs to one of the important inventions of the working people in Jingdezhen in the middle of Yuan Dynasty. The process of glazed red porcelain is roughly the same as that of contemporary blue and white porcelain. It is painted with copper oxide as a colorant and painted with transparent glaze on the tire. It is fired in a high temperature reducing flame atmosphere. Because the red pattern is under the glaze, it is called the red porcelain in the glaze. Glazed red (underglazered) is a kind of underglazed painting painted by Jingdezhen kiln in Yuan Dynasty. Glazed red, or underglaze red, is painted with copper oxide on ceramic tile, then glazed with transparent glaze, and then fired at reduced temperature of 1300 degrees. But the real colourful is extremely rare because of its complex production process. This process began in the Yuan Dynasty and reached maturity in the Ming Dynasty.
釉里红瓷是指用铜红料在胎上着彩，然后罩以透明釉在高温还原气氛中一次烧成，使釉下呈现红色花纹的瓷器。现有的出土资料和传世实物表明釉里红瓷器首创于元代景德镇。由于釉里红以铜红料为呈色剂，铜红釉在烧造技术上难度很大，正常显色不仅与彩料中的铜含量和基釉的成分有关，并且对烧造的气氛和窑温的要求都十分敏感，配方和烧成条件的任何细小变化都会导致色调不正，因此发色纯正的釉里红瓷在元代很少见，大多是灰红色。明代洪武时期釉里红仍然较少，发色多是比较淡的红色或偏灰的红色，但较之元代有了很大提高，永乐宣德时期的釉里红发色极佳，浓厚鲜艳似宝石，也有淡红色的，这与当时的透明白釉提炼已达到极高水平有关。宣德以后釉里红走下坡路，直到清代康、雍乾三朝才得以复苏，这时的釉里红发色较为纯正艳美。
The glazed red porcelain is a porcelain made of copper red material on the tire, and then covered with transparent glaze in a high temperature reducing atmosphere. The existing unearthed materials and the materials handed down from the world indicate that the glazed red porcelain was first founded in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. Because the glaze red with copper red as the color agent, the copper red glaze is very difficult in the burning technology. The normal color display is not only related to the copper content in the color material and the composition of the base glaze, but also very sensitive to the burning atmosphere and the requirements of the kiln temperature. Any small changes in the formula and sintering conditions will lead to the incorrectness of the color, so the color is pure. The red glaze in the glaze is very rare in the Yuan Dynasty, most of them are gray red. The Hongwu Period of the Ming Dynasty is still less in the glaze red, and the hair color is more light red or partial gray red, but it has been greatly improved in the Yuan Dynasty. The red hair color of the Yongle Xuan de period is very good, the bright bright like gem, and the light red, which is related to the high level of the transparent white glaze at that time. After the Xuan De, the glazed red went downhill until the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty Kang, Yong and Qian were able to recover. The red hair color in the glaze was more pure and beautiful.
釉里红瓷创烧于元代，但数量极少，可谓凤毛麟角。原因是铜离子对温度极为敏感，在窑炉中火候不到，呈现黑红色或灰红色;火候销过铜离子便挥发，从釉层中逸出，呈现特有的飞红现象或干脆退色，纹饰不连贯。当时烧柴窑很难控制窑温，只有凭把桩师父的经验与取出火照对比，无法大规模生产。而且元人尚白，汉人尚红，民族认同感也有别，所以釉里红产量一直很小。然而到了明洪武朝，釉里红瓷却得到了极大的发展，从实物遗存量上比较，甚至比青花瓷还多。洪武早期的制品多呈黑红，不够鲜艳，甚至有些烧成了"釉里黑"也未被打碎埋掉。即便如此，此类品种贯穿洪武朝始终，坚持不懈。中、晚期多呈较纯正红色。风格古朴、厚重，器型硕大，纹饰丰满，气势夺人。充分展示了明朝开国之君的胸怀与气度。
The glazed red porcelain burned in the Yuan Dynasty, but it was rare. The reason is that copper ions are very sensitive to temperature, not in the kiln, and appear black red or gray red; when the heat is sold, the copper ions volatilize and escape from the glaze layer. At that time, it was difficult to control the kiln temperature by firing the firewood kiln. Only by comparing the experience of the master with the fire, could he not be able to produce in large scale. Moreover, Yuan people are still white, Han people are still red and ethnic identity is different, so the output of glazed red has been very small. However, in the Ming and Hongwu dynasties, the red porcelain in glaze has been greatly developed, even more than the blue and white porcelain. Hongwu's early products were mostly black and red, not bright enough, and some of them had been burnt into "glazed black" and had not been smashed and buried. Even so, such breeds throughout the Hong Wu dynasties always unremittingly. In the middle and late stages, most of them are more pure red. The style is simple and thick, the shape is large, the decoration is full, and the momentum is overwhelming. It fully demonstrates the mind and magnanimity of the founding ruler of the Ming Dynasty.
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